Childhood cancer is an umbrella term for many other types of this disease. Cancer is the 2nd most common cause of death among children after accidents.
Every September, many charities, researchers and parents of children with cancer work hard to raise awareness of this cancer. You may learn more about kids with cancer, their loving families, the doctors and caregivers who look after them and treat them, the young survivors of cancer and those kids and teens who lost their battle, and the scientists who work hard to find a way to stop childhood cancer.
The RCSI Cancer Bioengineering group is excited to announce our upcoming fundraising event! Join us for a Charity Night Pub Quiz on September 24th at 6:00 pm in Slattery’s D4 pub., in honour of Childhood Cancer Awareness Month. All donations will go to the Conor Foley Neuroblastoma Cancer Research Foundation (CFNCRF).
Test your trivia knowledge, win great raffle prizes, and make a difference together! Our pub quiz is open to everyone, with friends and family encouraged to attend. We can’t wait to see you there!
If you’re unable to make it but still want to support our fundraising efforts, we would greatly appreciate your donation. Please either buy the Raffle tickets or donate directly via the CFNCRF.
As a DevelopMed Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellow, I am committed to advancing childhood cancer research by investigating the biology of neuroblastoma, a complex and aggressive paediatric solid tumour. My research focuses on the high-risk form of the disease, where amplification of the MYCN oncogene is strongly associated with poor prognosis.
The project aims to elucidate the pathway crosstalk regulated by MYCN—specifically, how it alters normal cellular signalling and governs the critical cell fate decisions between proliferation and apoptosis. By employing mass spectrometry-based proteomics combined with systems biology approaches, I am constructing a comprehensive map of MYCN-driven signalling networks to identify potential therapeutic targets that could improve clinical outcomes for affected children.
A distinctive and rewarding aspect of my fellowship is my role as a visiting scientist at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), where I collaborate with Dr. Olga Piskareva’s lab, an internationally recognised leader in 3D neuroblastoma research. Here, I am gaining hands-on experience with 3D neuroblastoma spheroid culture systems, which more accurately recapitulate tumour behaviour compared to traditional 2D models. These advanced systems enable a deeper understanding of drug responses, tumour architecture, and cellular interactions in a physiologically relevant context.
This collaborative framework between UCD and RCSI fosters a dynamic, translational research environment and exemplifies the core values of the Marie Curie programme—innovation, collaboration, and real-world impact.
Every stage of this journey—from pathway elucidation to 3D model validation—contributes to the overarching goal of developing more effective, targeted therapies for children diagnosed with neuroblastoma.
Welcome to my first blog post of the year—and the first in two and a half years. You might be wondering what I’ve been up to during that time. Let me catch you up!
I’m currently pursuing a joint Ph.D. programme between the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) and Soochow University (SU) in China. For the past two years, I’ve been based at SU. My project has offered me a unique opportunity to experience and compare research environments across two countries, each with its own strengths, workflows, and lab cultures.
So, what is it like working in a Chinese research lab?
Beyond the routine experimental tasks, one of the standout features of this lab is its comprehensive capacity for conducting animal studies—all performed in strict accordance with ethical guidelines. I’ve had the opportunity to observe and work with a wide variety of laboratory animals, including mice and rabbits. Interestingly, depending on the specific needs of a project, researchers can even select animals based on precise characteristics, such as coat colour or genetic background.
In addition to lab work, the research environment here provides frequent opportunities to attend academic conferences and participate in scholarly exchanges. These events are invaluable for sharing findings, building professional networks, and exploring future collaborations—both nationally and internationally.
Outside the lab, work-life balance is also encouraged. My colleagues and I often take part in group outdoor activities like cycling around the nearby lake, camping, and barbecuing. These shared experiences not only bring joy to our daily lives but also help foster stronger team spirit and collaboration.
And the good news is – I have just submitted my PhD thesis! Onwards and Upwards!
I am excited to have joined the Cancer Bioengineering lab. I am passionate about studying the tumour microenvironment with the aim of understanding cellular interactions involved in tumour progression. My current work focuses on developing a 3D-printed model of prostate cancer. 3D models help us study cell-cell interactions, how cells interact with their environment, and respond to therapies.
I carried out my PhD and postdoc at University of Galway under the supervision of Dr. Aideen Ryan and Abhay Pandit, where the main focus of my project was on the optimal development of a multi-cellular 3D model of the colorectal cancer tumour microenvironment for screening colorectal cancer therapeutics. Throughout my experience, I have developed extensive skills in isolating and culturing primary cells, culturing cell lines, developing and maintaining spheroid cultures, working with a variety of hydrogels, carrying out flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and RT-qPCR. I really believe 3D models offer us great tools for understanding the tumour microenvironment and have previously developed a 3D collagen-based spheroid model of colorectal cancer, which allowed us to study the interactions between colorectal cancer cells and stromal and immune cells in the colorectal tumour microenvironment. I am really looking forward to transferring the skillset I obtained prior to working in RCSI to my project here.
Outside of the lab, I really enjoy going for sea swims, hikes, saunas/cold plunges and going on mini road-trips around Ireland. I am looking forward to visiting all the swimming spots along the east coast of Ireland this year and am excited to contribute more to the field of cancer research.
The European Association for Cancer Research (EACR) is a registered charity and scientific community that has been holding conferences since 1968. EACR’s annual four-day congress is dedicated to basic, preclinical and translational cancer research. It brings together the cancer research community, including PhD students, postdocs, PIs, and commercial sponsors, for the opportunity to network and collaborate to progress cancer therapeutics.
I was fortunate enough to receive the Breakthrough Cancer Research Education and Travel Award, which made it possible for me to attend this year’s EACR conference held in Lisbon, Portugal. Breakthrough Cancer Research is an Irish Medical research charity focused on improving the outcomes of patients diagnosed with rare and poor prognosis cancers, like neuroblastoma.
When I first arrived at the congress center in Lisbon, I was immediately impressed by how well organized and put together the conference was. A schedule of four full days included speakers, poster presentations, industry talks, a technology exhibition, giveaways, networking rounds, and early-career talks. I checked in, received my “goodie bag” and was on my way to the first talk. For the duration of the conference, you were encouraged to move freely between all the available presentations within several auditoriums and pavilions. They even had screens and speakers set up outside the auditoriums if there was no more space inside to make sure that the research presented was accessible to everyone. The lunch breaks were the perfect time to enjoy the sunshine, walk along the Tagus River, and have a picnic with views of the Ponte 25 de Abril bridge (similar in style to the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California).
Exhibitors showcase with over 100 companies available to talk about their technology. QR codes were at each booth to scan for participants to be entered into a drawing for an iPad and free entry to next year’s conference in Budapest, Hungary.
Throughout the conference, I listened to talks that ranged from how estrogen levels in breast cancer are related to the loss of bone density to how we can detect cancer in circulating cells for a diagnosis three years earlier than previous tests. One of the talks began with the necessity for physiologically relevant in vitro to 3D models and then the conclusion of the talk discussed how there’s a bridge needed between academia and industry for treatments to be more streamlined and accessible. Most importantly, I was able to read quite a few posters with research that other PhD students were doing related to small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). My work specifically looks at the relationship between sEVs shared from cancerous to non-cancerous cells and what their functional impact is. A lot of the work I saw was optimization of sEV isolation and characterization, which can be quite tricky to do but was helpful to see what complications others were running into and their troubleshooting results.
Presentation by Cindrilla Chumduri during EACR – EMBO Symposium: Advanced in vitro Models. Chumduri highlights the “valley of death” where there is a gap between academic and industry research that impedes the progression of scientific breakthroughs in cancer research.
By the time it got to my poster defense, I was excited to talk about my work and looking forward to meeting others who might be doing research similar to mine. There were a handful of people that came to speak to me about my work and ask questions. One thing about the PhD journey is that sometimes you can be so deeply involved in your own work and what isn’t going right that you lose sight of how impactful your work can be. When several people approached me about the co-culture model I was using, they were so curious and wanted to implement something like that into their work. Hearing positive feedback on my efforts was a refreshing way to end the conference. At the end of the day, there was a celebration dinner where a traditional Portuguese Fado band played music while we were able to unwind and network with other PhD students. My time spent in Lisbon at EACR was one of the best conference experiences I’ve had. I’m looking forward to heading back into the lab, making progress with my project, and presenting at the next conference.
My poster defense during the Tumor Biology poster sessions.
Special thanks to Breakthrough Cancer Research for supporting my research and providing me with this fantastic opportunity.
I’m Ronja, a final-year PhD student navigating the final stretch of lab work, attempting to weave a cohesive narrative from the experiments—and occasional failures—that I’ve genuinely enjoyed over the past three and a half years. With just four months to go until my submission deadline, the calendar is dotted with wedding invitations, visits from friends eager to see me in Dublin while I’m still here, and one last Irish summer that I’m determined to savour—despite the ever-present stress and a slow, persistent creep of anxiety.
At long last, I’m learning to let go of perfection. I can no longer afford to chase down every loose thread left behind by past experiments. Time is no longer elastic, and what remains must be used with ruthless efficiency. It’s time to channel the inner German: go in, do the work with precision, make it count, and don’t let standards slip.
After years spent crafting a PhD through chapters of optimisation—each concluding with an arbitrary line drawn in the sand, because there’s always room for refinement—it’s a hard lesson to internalise. Eventually, the improvements stop justifying the time and resources they demand. Knowing where to stop might be the hardest skill of all.
Perhaps that, in the end, will be the life lesson my PhD leaves me with: learning how to spend my time in ways that truly matter—ways that serve my goals, whether they’re professional, in service of others, or deeply personal. And with that lesson in hand, I’m quietly hopeful that what comes next will be shaped not just by ambition, but by intention.
The RCSI Cancer Bioengineering Group hosted an in-person event during the National PPI Festival 2024 to share their childhood cancer research and connect with the public and patients.
We welcomed members of the public, family members of children with cancer, researchers, clinicians, and patient/community organisations on October 17th. Our past lab members and students paid a visit, too! Our group shared ongoing research on neuroblastoma biology and finding new treatments. Prof Cormac Owens from CHI brought us through the journey of clinical trials in neuroblastoma patients. We heard the heartbreaking story of the brave young man who lost his life to neuroblastoma and his parents who never gave up. This truly inspirational family founded a charity – the Conor Foley Neuroblastoma Cancer Research Foundation, to support curiosity-driven and translationally-focused research. The Foleys know very well how important it is to return happy days to kids and their families.
As a new PhD student, I’m incredibly excited to dive into cancer research, and what better way to kick off this journey than by exploring 3D models to study neuroblastoma metastasis? Neuroblastoma is one of the most common childhood cancers, and about 50% of patients have metastatic disease at diagnosis. Understanding how these cells spread is key to developing better therapies, which is why this recent study by Gavin et al. (2021) caught my eye.
So, what did the researchers do? They used something called patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and cell lines to grow organoids (tiny mini-tumors) in a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM). This ECM mimics the environment these cells would encounter in the body, which is super important because cells behave very differently in 3D than in the typical 2D Petri dishes. It’s like giving the cells an entire landscape to explore rather than just a flat road—suddenly, they have mountains to climb and valleys to cross, allowing them to behave much more like they would inside the body!
One of the coolest things about this study is how the neuroblastoma cells developed various invasion strategies based on their environment. Some stayed in tightly knit groups, while others decided to go full-on lone wolf, sending out long, thin projections to explore the surrounding matrix. These cells are smart-adapting to different ECM compositions like Matrigel (which is rich in laminin and collagen), made them change their behaviour entirely. It’s like they’re navigating an obstacle course, with each new challenge requiring a different tactic!
Let’s Talk Actin Filaments!
Now, this is where it gets super cool (and nerdy in the best way!). The images captured by confocal microscopy are stunning. They show actin filaments—the internal skeleton of the cells—as they help the cancer cells move and invade new areas. The actin filaments form these amazing, intricate networks that shape the cells and allow them to stretch and invade. It’s almost like watching tiny construction workers build bridges and tunnels as they move forward. Check out this confocal image showing the red filaments—how awesome is that?!
It’s the second round of journal club blog posts, and this time around, we’ll be looking at papers published by this very lab. I’ll be focussing on the paper in which the cell line I am currently working with (KellyCis83) was developed: “The development of cisplatin resistance in neuroblastoma is accompanied by epithelial to mesenchymal transition in vitro” This research addresses a critical challenge in cancer treatment: drug resistance, of course focusing on neuroblastoma, pediatric cancer notorious for its aggressive nature and poor prognosis that this lab has been studying for years.
Neuroblastoma is typically treated with cisplatin, a potent chemotherapy drug that induces DNA damage in cancer cells, leading to their death. The issue is that over time and particularly during relapse, some neuroblastoma cells develop resistance to cisplatin, rendering the treatment ineffective. Understanding the mechanisms behind this resistance is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies.
In this study, neuroblastoma cell lines resistant to cisplatin were created by gradually exposing the cells to increasing drug concentrations over 6 months. This approach mimics the clinical scenario where tumours are exposed to chemotherapy over an extended period, eventually leading to resistance. The resistant cell lines were then characterized to uncover the molecular changes that had occurred alongside or as part of the increased drug-resistance.
The cisplatin-resistant neuroblastoma cells exhibited significant disruptions in their cell cycle regulation, as highlighted by the most altered pathways identified by mass spectrometry. Cisplatin typically causes DNA damage that halts the cell cycle, leading to cell death. However, the researchers found upregulated pathways in resistant cells that allowed these cells to bypass this damage-induced arrest. One key finding was the identification of Vimentin upregulation in the upstream regulator analysis. Vimentin is a marker typically associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
EMT is a process where epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal, fibroblast-like properties, including enhanced motility and apoptosis resistance. The link between EMT and cancer progression is well-established, as EMT not only facilitates metastasis but also contributes to drug resistance. In the context of neuroblastoma, the upregulation of Vimentin and dysregulation of related EMT proteins found in two of the resistant cell lines (specifically SNAI1 and TWIST1) suggests that these cells are not only evading cisplatin-induced cell cycle arrest but are also acquiring more aggressive, invasive characteristics. This links back to their findings on invasiveness, which showed greater levels in the two resistant cell lines that also had greater changes in EMT-related proteins (Figure 1).
Figure 1 A Relative invasiveness of the parental cell lines compared to the cisplatin resistant daughter cell lines. Graphed data represent mean values ± SD of three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate statistical significance obtained using a paired Student’s t-test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n = 3 for all experiments. B The fold change in protein expression of drug resistant cells compared to their parental counterparts was quantified by densitometric analysis of two biological repeat experiments, normalised against endogenous control ACTB. (Adapted from (Piskareva et al., 2015).
Understanding the role of EMT in cisplatin-resistance opens up new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Targeting EMT-related pathways Vimentin could potentially restore the sensitivity of these resistant neuroblastoma cells to cisplatin, by targeting the evasive mechanisms the cells developed to bypass the cell-cycle disruption. Such therapies would offer a new strategy to tackle drug-resistant relapse cases, which currently have very poor outcomes.
Overall, this study provides a valuable model for investigating drug resistance in neuroblastoma and highlights the crucial role of EMT and its associated pathways in finding ways to treat drug-resistant tumours. As we continue to explore these avenues, these models will serve us as a strong foundation facilitating the research currently taking place in our lab towards finding such combination therapies and hopefully improving outcomes for children battling this devastating cancer in the future.
Cancer is the 2nd most common cause of death among children after accidents.
Childhood cancer is an umbrella term for many other types of this disease. Every September, many charities, researchers and parents of children with cancer work hard to raise awareness of this cancer. You may learn more about kids with cancer, their loving families, the doctors and caregivers who look after them and treat them, the young survivors of cancer and those kids and teens who lost their battle, and the scientists who work hard to find a way to stop childhood cancer.
This year, our research team will run the Pub Quiz on September 18th, 2024, in honour of Childhood Cancer Awareness Month. All donations will go to the Conor Foley Neuroblastoma Research Foundation (CFNRF).
If you would like to get involved in this amazing challenge and help us raise vital funds for childhood cancers, you can contribute to our fundraising page:
